工字鋼主要分為普通工字鋼、輕型工字鋼和寬翼緣工字鋼。按翼緣與腹板高度比又分為寬幅、中幅、窄幅寬翼緣工字鋼。前兩者生產(chǎn)的規(guī)格為10-60號，即相應(yīng)的高度為10-60cm。
I-beams are mainly divided into ordinary I-beams, light I-beams, and wide flange I-beams. According to the height ratio of the flange to the web, it is further divided into wide, medium, and narrow width flange I-beams. The specifications produced by the first two are sizes 10 to 60, which corresponds to a height of 10-60cm.
在相同高度下，輕型工字鋼翼緣窄、腹板薄、重 量輕。寬翼緣工字鋼又稱H型鋼，斷面特點是兩腿平行，且腿內(nèi)側(cè)沒有斜度。它屬于經(jīng)濟斷面型鋼，是在四輥萬能軋機上軋制的，所以又稱“萬能工字鋼”。普通工字鋼、輕型工字鋼已經(jīng)形成國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
At the same height, lightweight I-beams have narrow flanges, thin web plates, and light weight. Wide flange I-beam, also known as H-beam, has a cross-sectional feature where the legs are parallel and there is no inclination on the inside of the legs. It belongs to the economic section steel and is rolled on a four high universal rolling mill, so it is also known as the "universal I-beam". Ordinary I-beam and light I-beam have already formed national standards.
工字鋼如名所示，是一種“工”字形截面型鋼，上下翼緣內(nèi)表面有傾斜度，一般為1：6，使得翼緣外薄而內(nèi)厚，因此造成工字鋼在兩個主平面的截面特性相差巨大，在應(yīng)用中難以發(fā)揮剛才的強度特性。雖然工字鋼市場上上也出現(xiàn)了加厚工字鋼，但工字鋼的結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)決定了其抗扭性能短板。
I-beam, as the name suggests, is a type of "I-shaped" cross-sectional steel with an inclination of 1:6 on the inner surface of the upper and lower flanges, making the flanges thin on the outside and thick on the inside. As a result, the cross-sectional characteristics of I-beam in the two main planes differ greatly, making it difficult to fully utilize the strength characteristics of the previous section in application. Although thickened I-beams have also appeared in the I-beam market, the structure of I-beams has determined their short torsional performance.
H型鋼
H-shaped steel
H型鋼是一種截面面積分配更加優(yōu)化、強重比更加合理的經(jīng)濟斷面高效型材，因其斷面與英文字母“H”相同而得名。由于H型鋼的各個部位均以直角排布，因此H型鋼在各個方向上都具有抗彎能力強、施工簡單、節(jié)約成本和結(jié)構(gòu)重量輕等優(yōu)點，已被廣泛應(yīng)用。
H-beam is an economical and efficient profile with a more optimized cross-sectional area distribution and a more reasonable strength to weight ratio, named after the same section as the English letter "H". Due to the fact that all parts of H-beam are arranged at right angles, H-beam has advantages such as strong bending resistance, simple construction, cost savings, and light structural weight in all directions, and has been widely used.
動圖封面
Moving Picture Cover
H型鋼是當(dāng)今鋼結(jié)構(gòu)建筑中應(yīng)用廣泛的型材，它與工字鋼相比有很多區(qū)別。首先是翼緣，其次翼緣內(nèi)表面沒有傾斜度，上下表面平行。H型鋼的截面特性要明顯優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)的工字鋼、槽鋼和角鋼。
H-beam is a widely used profile in steel structure buildings today, and it has many differences compared to I-beam. Firstly, there is the flange, and secondly, the inner surface of the flange has no inclination, and the upper and lower surfaces are parallel. The cross-sectional characteristics of H-beams are significantly superior to traditional I-beams, channel steels, and angle steels.
H型鋼的兩條外邊內(nèi)側(cè)沒有斜度，是平直的。這使得H型鋼的焊接拼接比工字鋼操作簡單，單位重量的力學(xué)性能更好，可以節(jié)省大量的材料和施工時間。工字鋼截面受直壓力好，耐拉，但是截面尺寸因翼板太窄，不能抗扭。H鋼則反之，兩者各有優(yōu)劣。
The two outer and inner edges of the H-shaped steel have no inclination and are straight. This makes the welding and splicing of H-shaped steel easier to operate than I-shaped steel, with better mechanical properties per unit weight, which can save a lot of materials and construction time. The I-beam section has good resistance to direct pressure and tension, but the section size cannot resist torsion due to the narrow wing plate. H steel, on the other hand, has its own advantages and disadvantages.
H型鋼與工字鋼的區(qū)別和用途說明
Differences and usage instructions between H-beam and I-beam
1、工字型鋼不論是普通型還是輕型的，由于截面尺寸均相對較高、較窄，故對截面兩個主袖的慣性矩相差較大，因此，一般僅能直接用于在其腹板平面內(nèi)受彎的構(gòu)件或?qū)⑵浣M成格構(gòu)式受力構(gòu)件。對軸心受壓構(gòu)件或在垂直于腹板平面還有彎曲的構(gòu)件均不宜采用，這就使其在應(yīng)用范圍上有著很大的局限。
1. I-shaped steel, whether ordinary or lightweight, has relatively high and narrow cross-sectional dimensions, resulting in a significant difference in the moment of inertia between the two main sleeves of the cross-section. Therefore, it can generally only be directly used for components that are bent in the plane of its web or to form a lattice load-bearing component. It is not suitable to use axial compression components or components with bending perpendicular to the web plane, which limits their application range.
2、H型鋼屬于高效經(jīng)濟裁面型材(其它還有冷彎薄壁型鋼、壓型鋼板等)，由于截面形狀合理，它們能使鋼材更高地發(fā)揮效能，提高承裁能力。不同于普通工字型的是H型鋼的翼緣進行了加寬，且內(nèi)、外表面通常是平行的，這樣可便于用高強度螺栓和其他構(gòu)件連接。其尺寸構(gòu)成合理系列，型號齊全，便于設(shè)計選用（除了吊車梁用工字型鋼） 。
2. H-shaped steel belongs to efficient and economical cutting profiles (including cold-formed thin-walled steel, profiled steel plates, etc.). Due to their reasonable cross-sectional shape, they can enhance the efficiency of the steel and improve its cutting capacity. Unlike ordinary I-beams, the flange of H-beams has been widened, and the inner and outer surfaces are usually parallel, making it easier to connect with high-strength bolts and other components. Its size composition is reasonable and the series is complete, making it convenient for design and selection (except for I-shaped steel used for crane beams).
3、H型鋼的翼緣都是等厚度的，有軋制截面，也有由3塊板焊接組成的組合截面。工字鋼都是軋制截面，由于生產(chǎn)工藝差，翼緣內(nèi)邊有1：10坡度。Ｈ型鋼的軋制不同于普通工字鋼僅用一套水平軋輥，由于其翼緣較寬且無斜度(或斜度很小)，故須增設(shè)一組立式軋輥同時進行輥軋，因此，其軋制工藝和設(shè)備都比普通軋機復(fù)雜。國內(nèi)可生產(chǎn)的大軋制H型鋼高度為800ｍｍ，超過了只能是焊接組合截面。
3. The flanges of H-shaped steel are of equal thickness, with rolled sections and composite sections composed of three welded plates. I-beams are all rolled sections, and due to poor production technology, there is a 1:10 slope on the inner edge of the flange. The rolling of H-beam steel is different from ordinary I-beam steel, which only uses one set of horizontal rollers. Due to its wide flange and no slope (or very small slope), it is necessary to add a set of vertical rollers for rolling at the same time. Therefore, its rolling process and equipment are more complex than ordinary rolling mills. The maximum height of rolled H-beam that can be produced domestically is 800mm, which can only be welded composite sections.
4. 工字鋼的邊長小，高度大，只能承受單方向的力。
4. The side length of I-beams is small and the height is large, and they can only withstand forces in a single direction.
5. H型鋼槽深，厚度大，可以承受兩個方向的力。
5. The H-shaped steel groove is deep and thick, and can withstand forces in two directions.
6. 隨著鋼結(jié)構(gòu)建筑的發(fā)展需要，只有工字鋼是不行的，就是加厚工字鋼，用于承重柱容易失穩(wěn)。
6. With the development of steel structure buildings, only I-beams are not feasible, that is, thickened I-beams, which are prone to instability when used for load-bearing columns.
7. 工字鋼只能用于橫梁，而H型鋼才能用于結(jié)構(gòu)的承重柱。
7. I-beams can only be used for beams, while H-beams can only be used for load-bearing columns in structures.
8.H型鋼是一種斷面力學(xué)性能較工字鋼優(yōu)良的經(jīng)濟型斷面鋼材，因其斷面的形狀與英文字母“H”相同而得名。熱軋H型鋼的翼緣比工字鋼寬、側(cè)向剛度大、抗彎能力強。同等規(guī)格下H型鋼理重較工字鋼輕。
8. H-shaped steel is an economical section steel with superior mechanical properties compared to I-shaped steel, named after its section shape that is the same as the English letter "H". The flange of hot-rolled H-beam is wider than that of I-beam, with greater lateral stiffness and stronger bending resistance. Under the same specifications, H-shaped steel has a lighter weight than I-shaped steel.
9. 工字鋼翼緣是變戴面靠腹板部厚，外部薄；H型鋼的翼緣是等戴面。
9. The flange of the I-shaped steel is thicker at the web part of the wearing surface and thinner on the outside; The flange of H-shaped steel is an equal wearing surface.
10. HW、HM、HN是H型鋼的通稱，H型鋼是焊制；HW、HM、HN是熱軋。
10. HW, HM, and HN are general terms for H-shaped steel, which is welded; HW, HM, and HN are hot-rolled.
11. HW是H型鋼高度和翼緣寬度基本相等；主要用于鋼筋砼框架結(jié)構(gòu)柱中鋼芯柱，也稱勁性鋼柱；在鋼結(jié)構(gòu)中主要用于柱。
11. HW means that the height and flange width of H-shaped steel are basically equal; Mainly used for steel core columns in reinforced concrete frame structures, also known as rigid steel columns; Mainly used for columns in steel structures.
12. HM是H型鋼高度和翼緣寬度比例大致為1.33~1.75；主要在鋼結(jié)構(gòu)中：用做鋼框架柱，在承受動力荷載的框架結(jié)構(gòu)中用做框架梁。例如：設(shè)備平臺。
12. HM is the ratio of H-beam height to flange width, which is approximately 1.33-1.75; Mainly used in steel structures: as steel frame columns, and as frame beams in frame structures under dynamic loads. For example: device platform.
13. HN 是H型鋼高度和翼緣寬度比例大于等于2，主要用于梁；工字鋼的用途相當(dāng)于HN型鋼。
13. HN refers to the ratio of H-shaped steel height to flange width greater than or equal to 2, mainly used for beams; The use of I-shaped steel is equivalent to that of HN shaped steel.
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